Composite stud



R. C. FRIEDLY COMPOSITE STUD Dec. 22, 1953 Filed May 25. 1949 INVENTOR.1 Robert G. Fh'ed/ BY 5W4 A ffor-n el s.

Patented Dec. 22, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE COMPOSITE STUD RobertO. Friedly, Lorain, Ohio, assignor to Gregory Industries, Inc., acorporation of Michigan Application May25, 1949, Serial N 0. 95,307

'end to the I-beam and have their other ends reduced in section to forma shoulder. The studs are pre-welded to the I-beam with a simple templetto locate the studs in the crown of the corrugation. The corrugatedaluminum sheet is Fig. 4 is a section along the line 44 of Fig. 3. Fig.5 is a view similar to Fig. 3 showing the use of a composite aluminumand rubber washer.

Referring more particularly to the drawings there is shown an I-beam 5,such as the conventional structural steel I-beam, a sheet of aluminum 6which is, by way of illustration, shown as a conventional corrugatedaluminum roof sheet and composite stud generally designated 7. Y

My stud 1 comprises a ferrous body portion Ill which usually is a mildsteel, and an aluminum placed over the welded studs and'the reduced'sec-I tion is drawn through the sheet by striking the sheet with a rubbermallet or by using a sheeters rivet set and punch. A hole is thuspunched in the sheet at the desired location for each stud and thereduced section is riveted. However, in trying out this method ofsecuring corrugated sheet aluminum roofing to steel I-beams, I havefound that the portion of the aluminum roofing around the stud where itis exposed to the weather and rain, soon corrodes or rusts away due tothe galvanic action between thealuminum and the steel. This defect couldbe remedied by the use of a stainless steel stud, but stainless steelstuds are too expensive. This defect cannot be remedied by the use of analuminum stud because aluminum cannot be satisfactorily welded to steel.

It is an object of this invention to produce a stud which issatisfactory for the purposes above outlined and which can be producedand used economically and but with a very little increase in cost overthat of a mild steel stud.

This object has been accomplished by making a composite stud consistingof a ferrous metal portion and an aluminum portion, the aluminum portionintervening between the ferrous portion and the aluminum roofing andalso passing through the aluminum roofing and having the outer endthereof exposed to the weather. With such an aluminum to aluminumcontact no galvanic action will occur.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary perspective showing my studs used for securingcorrugated aluminum roofing to an I-beam.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged detail partly in section of my stud welded to anI-beam.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary vertical section through the stud, roofing andI-beam showing the aluminum portion of the stud riveted over the aluminum roofing.

portion ll. Aluminum portion 1 I consists of a neck 9, a leg l2 and acircumferential shoulder portion [3. Body I0 is provided with acentrally positioned, axially extended recess M. Recess M can becircular or of regular or irregular polygonal cross-section. J'I'he mainpoint is that leg I2 of aluminum part II should project into andinterengage body III in recess l4. Thus, leg I 2 can have a screw fit ora press fit with body H] in recess l4. Preferably, by way ofdescription, I

have shown leg l2 fitted into recess l4 and then the side wall of body[0 is indented on both sides as at I5 and leg I2 is correspondinglyindented as at IE to effectively lock aluminum tip II to body I0.

Stud 1 can be fixed to I-beam 5 in any suitable manner, but preferablythe end of body 1 is electric are welded as at l1 to beam 5 as taught bythe United States patents to Nelson 2,413,189, 2,416,204 and Re. 22,411.Studs l are pre-welded to I-beam 5 with a simple templet to locate thestuds in the crown of the corrugation. The corrugated aluminum sheet 6is placed over the welded studs and the rivet extension 9 is drawnthrough the sheet 6 by striking the sheet with a rubber mallet or byusing a sheeters rivet set and punch. A hole 8 is thus punched in thesheet at the desired location for each stud I. It will be noted thatshoulder l3 eifectively spaces aluminum sheet 6 from the ferrous portion10 of each stud 1.

After sheet 6 has been positioned upon the studs, then neck portions 9are riveted, pounded, or cold headed over, as shown in Fig. 3, and itwill be noted that the neck portion 9 now completely fills, and has apress fit in, hole 8 in sheet 6 so that no water can pass from the outor upper or weather side of sheet 6 inwardly. It will, of course, beappreciated that I-beams 5 will be positioned within the building andshielded from the weather by aluminum roofing- B. No galvanic actionwill take place between aluminum tip H and ferrous or steel body I0because the physical contact between these two bodies is positionedinside the building and not exposed to the outside weather. If desired,the stud and aluminum insert it can be cadmium plated to remove thepotential between the stud and the insert. Further, the fit between bodyit and insert i i is tight in order to prevent moisture from comingbetween the two pieces, thus eliminating theposs'ibility of galvanicaction between the ferrous portion of the stud'and the aluminum insert.Further, if desired, a waterproof glue or cement can be used in thejoint between ii and body iii to seal-out-the moisture. The compositestud i has a length suflicient to hold the aluminumgsheetafi out ofcontact with the I-beam 5.

In Fig. 5 I have illustrated the use of a composite Washer a! whichconsistsiofnnx aluminum washer 22 to which has been securely bonded arubber washer 2513 of either natural or synthetic rubber. If desired,washer 23 can be made of .neoprene? The composite rwaisheni I; is placed;over thegneck 9' andzsheet Ebeforethe: neck 9 is riveted over. Washer21 assures-a wateretight seal, increasesthe -strength;;of-the fasteningby acting-as a reinforcing agent and preventsxtearing of the sheetduring .thevriveting operation.

From the above it*will-be seen that I have produced a novelcompositestud and a novel assembly of a sheet aluminumrcof to-an I-beamwhich isweather and corrosion'proofrand economical and cheap to install.

I claim:

1. A stud comprising a ferrou body portion shaped at onetend thereof foren'd arc Welding to ,aferrous support "and ianaluminum tip portioninterengaginglyfixed to. the other; end: thereof, said; aluminumnportion, having a shoulder adjacent said body portion: and; a:reduced,nejck extending from thegshoulder ontthc. sideopposite said ferrous,bodygportion.

,2. A stud :comprising a ferrous a-body' portion shaped; atone endthereof for end-arc .vveldingto a Jferrous support". and :an aluminum;tip portion .interengagingly-'fixedtto the other end'thereof,said-aluminum tip portion havinga shoulder:adjacent said body portionand a reduced 'neck extending from the shoulder zon thegsideoppositesaid ferrous body: portion; the said,- bodyxportion being provided witha recess :at :said other end thereof and the aluminum tip -having a legprojecting into, and fixed in,said v recess in the body.

.3. The studclaimedin claim 2 Wherein'the Wall portion of thebodysurrounding; the "recessaand the leg :of the'tip are:indented-7.110. .lockithetip into the body.

45in a roof assembly, :a sheet :OIaaIuminum having an opening therein, asupport, a stud comprising a ferrous body portion end are welded at oneend to said support and positioned between the aluminum sheet and thesupport, an aluminum tip portion interengagingly secured to the otherend of said ferrous body portion said :aluminum; tip portion having ashoulder overlying the lastmentioned end of the ferrous body portion andextending between, and spacing, the ferrous body portion from thealuminum sheet, isaid.aluminum tip having a reduced neck portionextending from said shoulder through said open- .ing in the aluminumsheet for securing the sheet tolthe-stud.

5. The combination claimed in claim 4; Whereinwthe portion ofthe neck onthe outside of said aluminum sheet is headed over the sheet aroundsaidsopening and securely locks the sheet to the stud.

16. In ,a roof assembly, a sheet of aluminum having an opening therein,a support, a stud comprising a ferrous body portion end are welded 24210116 ,endto said support and positioned be- .tweenthe aluminum sheet andthe support, an aluminum tip portion interengagingly secured to theferrous body portion, said aluminum tip portion having a shoulderoverlying the other end of the ferrous body portion and. extendingbetween, and spacing, the ferrous body portion from the aluminum sheet,said aluminurn tip having a reduced neck portion extending from saidshoulder through said opening in the'aluminum sheet for securing thesheet to the stud, the portion of the neck on the outside of saidaluminum sheet beingheaded over thesheet around said open- .ing tosecurely lock the sheet to the stud, and an-;e1astic Washerbetweentheheaded over portion ofsthe neck and the aluminum sheet.

ROBERT C. FRIEEDLY.

1 References "Cited. in the,jf1le of this patent UNITED: S'IJA'iEE;PATENTS Number Name Date 1,548,061 'Pfeifer Aug. 4, 1925 1,758,311 BrownMay 13, 1930 1,930,187 Abronski Oct. 10, 1933 2,048,234 Tucker July 21,1936 2,270,278 Dunn Jan. 20, 1942 2,374,270 Brock Apr. 24, 19452,612,394 Nelson Sept. 30, 1952 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date377,643 "Great Britain Jan. 19, 1931

